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Author:
Mark Vedder

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Literal Bible, Literal Version

Please Note that there is currently a revision of this version being undertaken that will be published later this year 2025 (the NT) and in 2027 (OT)


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Publishing Rights Reserved © 2016 by Mark Vedder. All parts of this publication may be used for reproduction except the publishing of either the New Testament or the Old Testament in totality without written permission of the Editor sufferingduckman@gmail.com or Publisher. Quotes and usage of any kind are permitted. Use of more than one entire Book (of the 66 contained herein) for reproduction or republication must credit this publication as source.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016941891
Vedder, Mark 1965−
Holy Bible New Darby Version / Mark Vedder
p. cm
Includes editorial record.
ISBN 978-1-941776-16-2
Historic Introductions, Old Testament, New Testament
BS195.D
220.520.9
New England Bible Sales
262 Quaker Road
Sidney, Maine 04330
jptbooks@gmail.com
NewEnglandBibleSales.com
(207) 512-2636

Introduction to the 2016 Edition
Some one and one-third centuries have passed since Darby penned his introduction to the French version of the Scriptures (1881), which introduction was translated into English for the 1889 English version which has in the interim become known as “the JND translation”. The translation itself needs no introduction, being one of the top five English translations to date.
In this regard it might be useful to mention in passing a most remarkable work by God. For over a century, the JND translation was enjoyed by a relatively small number of Christians, and was unknown to God`s people at large. Then with the advent of the internet, there was a sudden need to have God`s Word freely available online for discussions, websites, articles, and the like. The immediate problem was that all the mainstream translations had a copyright, and thus could not be used. Aside from the KJV, only two suitable translations stood out from the crowd: Young`s Literal Translation, and the JND translation. By the time the others got their act together and made online versions available, it was too late. The YLT and the JND had gone from obscure to being used on virtually every forum.
What then was lacking was the availability of printed copies that would answer a growing demand. It is also noted that the majority of seekers, not being familiar with archaic forms, reject ‘out-of-hand’ any translation utilizing thou sayest or the such language.
Thus this work. It is submitted as precisely what is found in the original JND, with only the archaic forms made contemporary. The word order, punctuation, paragraphing, indeed every possible detail has remained faithful to its predecessor. Only the footnotes could not be included in this edition, yet we trust they may be included in the future. It was deemed wisest to present the work in its current form for availability.
A large variety of sources were consulted for this work, as well as many editions of the JND translation including the Morrish edition from England which contains not a few variations. As such, this edition has one of the most comprehensive selections of Darby’s introductions available. Several of these have been edited to suit the present work, the editing consisting solely of removing some of the more technical references to textual criticism and various manuscripts, the which subject is beyond the scope of this edition. The contemporary updates made to the text have not been applied to the introductions; they retain the archaic language.
Appendix I gives a comprehensive list of every word that was changed with the reason for doing so. Nothing arbitrary has muddied these waters. The distinction between thee and you was not lost, as the next section, Conventions Used in the Text will show.
Note that great care was taken with the more difficult words when changing from archaic to contemporary. The Greek word behind the English was considered for both overt and nuance of meaning, then a dictionary published in Darby’s day was consulted and compared with a current dictionary for changes. Other faithful English translations (of which there are few) were compared for a sense of balance, and the demands of the context itself would give the final say as to which word or expression was to be used.
For those already familiar with the JND translation and who have grown to love it, this edition will read as smoothly as the original. It does not jar the sensibilities. It is submitted as a supply for a need which God has opened by bringing this once obscure translation to light.
The Editors, 2016


Conventions Used in the Text
To maintain the distinctions of Darby’s translation between the singular and familiar vs. the plural and formal, the following is used:
thou, thee, thy, thine, thyself
are rendered
ŷou, ŷou, ŷour, ŷours, ŷourself;
and
ye, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves
are rendered
you, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves
The small raised ^ above the y (ŷ) denoting singularity and familiarity. This is explained in greater detail in Appendix I.
In the previous edition, brackets [ ] were used to denote English additions to the original text. In this edition, words in italics denote the same. In other words, what previously was in brackets is now italic.
In the previous edition, italics denoted emphasis. In this edition, underlining denotes emphasis.
[previous edition textual additions] this edition textual additions
previous edition emphasis this edition emphasis
The one exception is the titles to the Psalms which are given in italics.
We have kept with the previous conventions for the three words for ‘God’, so we need only quote from the introduction:
“...The names of God have been preserved as far as possible according to the original, either in the text or by help of the notes, and are distinguished as follows:—
Elohim is ‛God’
Eloah is ‛†God’
El is ‛·God’ ...”
As with the footnotes, the stars (*) denoting subject sections are left out of this edition.
The paragraphing structure has remained identical.
Both sentence structure and word order have remained identical.
Rather than two columns as most Bibles, this edition has no columns with the exception of the Song of Songs because of its short phrases. All others read as normal print without columns.
Note also that this edition has the most comprehensive collection of Darby’s Introductions to both the Old and New Testaments of any printed to date.
No changes have been made except those listed here and the word changes made to fit contemporary usage as described in Appendix I. One reason for this has been to preserve the flavor of Darby’s translation for those for whom it has become a mainstay; the other reason is so that the scholar can ascertain the precise form of the JND 1890 Edition with minimal effort.


APPENDIX 1
THESE are the vocabulary changes that have been made in Darby’s English text. In particular need of explanation are the second person pronoun (thee, thou, thy, thine, thyself, you, you, your, yours, yourself) and the word shall. The remaining will be here listed as to which is being updated: the spelling, the form, the usage, or the expression.
THE PRONOUNS are straightforward. Thee, thou, thy, thine, and thyself are singular as well as familiar. Ye, you, your, yours, yourself are plural as well as formal. Often when addressing a singular person in a formal manner, as Paul does at the end of 1 Timothy, the formal you is used even though a singular person is being addressed, as seen throughout the Epistle. We can see this delicate balance again at the end of Second Timothy, where he says (in the unedited version), “The Lord be with thy spirit. The grace be with you”. The first is a personal note, the second formal, in the same closing. In the text,
thou, thee, thy, thine, thyself
are rendered
ŷou, ŷou, ŷour, ŷours, ŷourself;
and
ye, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves
are rendered
you, you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves
In contemporary English, thee and thou are sometimes utilized as formal expressions; yet properly, and if one is going to understand Scripture, thee and thou are the familiar, while you is always utilized for formal addresses. We bring this up to show that the familiar/formal is equally as significant as the singular/plural. It is to be regretted that English does not allow for the many other distinctions shown in the Greek pronouns, such as masculine, feminine, and neuter, but these will suffice to maintain the distinctions found in Darby`s translation.
Accordingly,
ŷou is always singular, (and familiar)
you is always plural. (or formal).
The small raised ^ above the y (ŷ) denoting singularity and familiarity.
Thine and mine are used also instead of thy and my in old English when they precedes a word beginning with a vowel, much like a and an. So instead of my adversary, it would be mine adversary, the change being made solely for the sake of the sound. These have largely been switched to the modern convention.
SHALL presents a more delicate question, as it’s intermittently used in both modern and old English, with differing protocols for its usage in each case. Darby was fairly consistent in his use of shall and will, so the task was to maintain the flavor of his translation while rendering the language contemporary. After much sifting, three uses for shall presented themselves:
• In the imperative, as You shall not kill,
• In the interrogative, as What shall we eat?
• In the first person, as How long shall I be with you?
It was decided to utilize shall for these three cases in general, and use the contemporary will for the other occurrences of shall. The interrogative is especially sensitive in cases where a question is being quoted or considered, but not actually being asked. And as the text will show., many cases come down to a judgment call on the part of the editors.
FOLLOWING is a complete list of the words that have been changed. Occasionally changes were only necessary for a few of the occurrences, and often more than one word had to be considered for substitution. These will be noted as they occur.

SPELLING CHANGES (American English used.)
• armour – armor
• apostatise – apostatize
• apparelled – appareled
• baptise – baptize
• behoved – behooved
• cauterised – cauterized
• clamour – clamor
• cognisance – cognizance
• compell – compel
• connexion – connection
• contradicters – contradictors
• counsellor – counselor
• coveres – covers
• cummin – cumin
• defence – defense
• enrol – enroll
• enrolment – enrollment
• forbad – forbade
• fullgrown – full grown
• graveclothes – grave clothes
• honour – honor
• howe’er – however
• labour – labor
• layed – laid
• learnt – learned
• leathern – leather
• marvellous – marvelous
• neighbour – neighbor
• odour – odor
• offence – offense
• paralised – paralyzed
• pedigreeless – pedigree-less
• persuasibleness – persuasiveness
• practise – practice
• pretence – pretense
• recongnised – recognized
• rumours – rumors
• spue – spew
• stedfast – steadfast
• straitest – straightest
• stumblingstone – stumbling stone
• subtilly – subtly
• surmized – surmised
• sycomore – sycamore
• sympathise – sympathize
• theatre – theater
• to-day – today
• to-morrow – tomorrow
• travelled – traveled
• traveller – traveler
• travelling – traveling
• undistinguishable – indistinguishable
• vapour – vapor
• washhand – wash hand
• wilful – willful
• willfullness – willfulness
VERB FORM CHANGES
All verbs ending in -eth (as, he cometh and sayeth) or -est (as, thou comest and sayest) were changed to contemporary forms. As the words themselves have not been replaced, we need only list some passive verb forms as examples:
• art – are
• canst – can
• didst – did
• doest – do
• doeth – does
• dost – do
• doth – does
• hadst – had
• hast – have, has
• hath – has
• wast – were
• wert – were
• wilt – will
• wouldst – would

USAGE CHANGES
These are words which are no longer used, or no longer used in the manner in which they were when Darby made his translation.
• affrighted – frightened
• aforetime – formerly
• alway – always
• amidst – amid, in two
• amongst – among
• athirst – thirsty
• asunder – apart
• aught – anything, something
• bare – bore
• begat – begot
• borne – carried, worn
• brazen – brass
• builded – built
• chamberings – trysts
• clave – clove
• cleanse – clean
• digged – dug
• draught – toilet
• durst – dared
• endued – favored
• ensnare – entrap
• ere – before
• forswear – perjure
• gainsay – contradict
• gross – fat, thick
• haply – perhaps
• hanged – hung
• hearken – listen
• holden – held
• howbeit – however
• lasciviousness – lustfullness
• meet – fitting
• mine – my
• morn – morning
• naught – nothing
• nay – no
• nigh – near
• nought – nothing
• nowise – no way
• oft – often
• peradventure – perhaps
• pursuasibleness – persuasiveness
• privily – privately, secretly
• privation – need
• put asunder – separate
• quit – cleared
• quit you like – become
• raiment – clothing
• rend – tear
• rent – tear, tore, torn
• snare – trap, noose
• stablish – establish
• steadfast – steady
• steadfastly – steadily
• straightway – immediately
• straitly – strictly
• stayed – stopped, propped, fixed
• (in a) strait – hard pressed, very greatly pressed
• straitened – constricted
• straits – restrictions
• succor – help
• suffer – allow, let
• sware – swore
• till – until
• unwashen – unwashed
• vesture – clothing
• whilst – while
• (on this) wise – (in this) way
• (in any) wise – (in any) way
• (in no) wise – (in no) way
• without – outside
• writ – written
• yea – yes

PREPOSITIONAL CONJUNCTIONS AND PRONOUN EXPRESSIONS
These forms, while useful, can lead to confusion if not treated carefully. In Take that hence, one means Take that from here. But in Hence, we must go one means It follows then, that we must go. In the latter case, hence is being used as a conjunction, in the former, as prepositional phrase. Yet there is a relationship between the two uses, which contemporary English loses with its insistence on compartmentalizing word forms. Thus, there is often more than one word or phrase that suits the usage. Extra care has been take to see that each sense is in its proper context.

• forasmuch – as much, for as much, for seeing
• forsooth – indeed
• forthwith – directly, at once
• hence – from here, thus, here
• henceforth – from now on, here on, from here on
• henceforward – from now
• hereafter – after this
• hereby – by this
• herein – in this
• hereof – of this
• heretofore – until now
• hereunto – to this
• herewith – with this
• hither – here, to here
• hitherto – to here, until now, until here, unto here
• howsoever – however
• in no wise – in no way
• insomuch – so much that
• soever – ever
• thereby – by it
• thence – from there, there
• thenceforth – from then on
• thereabout – near that place
• thereafter – after that
• therefrom – from it
• therein – in that, in it, in them
• thereinto – into it
• thereof – of it
• thereon – on it
• thereto – to it
• thereunto – to that
• thereupon – upon this, after this
• therewith – with that, with it
• thither – to there
• whatsoever – whatever
• whence – from where, from what, thus, for this reason, where
• whensoever – whenever
• whereas – whereas, since, considering that
• wherein – in which, in what
• whereinto – into which
• whereinsoever – in whatever
• whereby – how, by which
• wherefore – because of this, for this reason, for which reason, why, for what reason
• whereof – of which, of what
• whereon – on which, on what
• wheresoever – wherever
• whereto – to where
• whereunto – unto what, unto which
• whereupon – upon which
• wherewith – with which, with what
• whither – to where
• withersoever – to wherever
• whomsoever – whoever, whomever
• whoseever – whose ever
• whoso – whoever
• whosoever – whoever
• withal – besides

THE FOLLOWING are words that were considered for change, but left intact.
• abide
• behold
• beseech
• besought
• brethren
• continency
• disannulling
• dwell
• garment
• goads
• incontinency
• lest
• lucre
• midst
• potentate
• presbytery
• quaternion
• raca
• seek
• therefore
• ’tis
• trod
• verily
• wanton
• wantonness
• worsted
• wrath
• yonder
No other changes have been made to format, wording, expressions, word order, or punctuation other than those listed here and in the Editor’s Preface.